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If you sacrifice a piece , usually a pawn, during the opening in order to achieve an advantage, it is called a gambit.
These are some popular gambits:
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| Queen's Gambit
1. d4 d5 2. c4
White aims at controlling e4 square , wants to have pawn majority at the center and to take advantage by using c line.
2. ... dxc4 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. e3 e6 5.Bxc4 c5
or Black can decline the gambit ( Queen's Gambit Declined ).
1. d4 d5 2. c4 e6 3.Nc3 Nf6
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King's Gambit
1. e4 e5 2. f4
white aims at controlling central squares and use f line to attack. But it creats King's side weakness.
Black can play 2. ... exf4 (King's Gambit accepted) or 2. ... Bc5 (King's Gambit declined) or 2... d5 (Falkbeer Countergambit)
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Evans Gambit
1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bc4 Bc5 4. b4
White aims at controlling central squares quickly by playing c3 then d4
Black can play ( gambit accepted )
4. ... Bxb4 5. c3 Ba5 6. d4 d6 ( or exd4)
or 4. ... Bb6 ( gambit declined ) 5. a4 a6
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Scotch Gambit
1. e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 exd4 4. Bc4 Bc5 5. c3 dxc3
( 5. ... Nf6 transposes into Giuoco Piano )
6.Nxc3 d6 7. Bg5 Qd7
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There are a lot of gambit. Some of the others are
Marshall Gambit : 1.e4 d5 2.exd5 Nf6
Albin Counter : 1.d4 d5 2.c4 e5
Vienna Gambit :1.e4 e5 2.Nc3 Nc6 3.f4
Latvian Gambit (Greco Counter Gambit) : 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 f5
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Other chess tactics